Nature vs Nurture - Depression - 818 Words

For years there has been an ongoing debate of nature versus nurture. Nature refers to genetics, inheritance and genes, and nurture refers to characteristics shaped by one’s environmental influences. For the purpose of this paper, the development of depression will be researched in terms of the nature versus nurture debate. Studies show that while some people are genetically predisposed to mood disorders, many people develop them through environmental factors. However, a different study looked at the relationship and interaction of nature and nurture. Therefore, the development of depression can not be pinpointed to one just one specific cause; it can be developed through genetics, environmental influences, or a mixture of both. Mood†¦show more content†¦(Fagnani, 2011) Some researchers believe that a difficult childhood can play a role in an early onset of depression. One theory suggests that children who go through a hard time while growing up have a more difficult t ime adjusting to changes in their. (Clouthier, 2007) Another theory is that these children may not have the proper emotional development, making them vulnerable to becoming depressed. Environmental factors often play aShow MoreRelatedChild Development: Heredity and Environment1240 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween nature versus nurture or even environment versus heredity leads to the question of: does the direct environment or the nature surrounding an adolescent directly influence acts of delinquency, later progressing further into more radical crimes such as murder or psychotic manifestation, or is it directly linked to the hereditary traits and genes passed down from that individual adolescent’s biological parents? To answer this question one must first understand the difference between nature, nurtureRead MoreNature vs. Nurture1218 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent people with different interests and preferences? Or did the environments that they grew up in play a part in maki ng who they are? In the nature vs. nurture controversy, nature proclaims that our genetic make-up plays the primary role in human development, while nurture declares that our environment dictates our development. The nature vs. nurture controversy is an age old question in the scientific and psychological world with both camps having evidence to support their theories. The controversyRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : The Debate Of Nature Versus Nurture895 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs. Nurture The debate of nature versus nurture has been an ongoing debate for a long time. When applying this argument to education there is no proven winner. The nature side of the coin believes that a person is born the way that they are. This could include intelligence level or personality traits such as being outgoing or shy. The other side of the argument of nurture believes that the type of upbringing that someone has will play a large role in the way they develop. It is thoughtRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture By Francis Galton1448 Words   |  6 Pagesyour environment just as much as your genes.† (Rich, 2015) In 1869, the phrase â€Å"nature vs. nurture was coined by an English polymath named Francis Galton. There are two sides to this debate, each with their own pros and con’s. Nature is the side that argues that the DNA and genotype humans are born with determines who they are and what personality and traits they will have throughout their lifetime. Whereas the nurture side of the debate argues that humans are born with sponges as minds, and throughRead MoreMy Personal Developmental Theory, Nature Vs. Nurture812 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment. My personal developmental theory consists of several tenets from theories such as, nature vs. nurture, systems and cognitive developmental theory. While there are many theories in lifespan development, and they are all relevant in the development of an individual I found these particular theories the most influential in my development. Nature vs. Nurture From a biological perspective, nature vs. nurture plays a critical role in the development of an individual. Meaney (2010) states â€Å"The challengeRead MoreNature vs. Nurture: a Biblical Perspective1531 Words   |  7 PagesRUNNING TITLE: Nature vs. Nurture Nature vs. Nurture: A Biblical Perspective Ouida Lynne Heath Psychology 101, Module 5 Professor Roberts December 17, 2009 Nature vs. Nurture: A Biblical Perspective The Nature versus Nurture debate has been ongoing for centuries. People have tried to gain power through knowledge in determining what causes the human â€Å"mind to tick.† For centuries leaders and scientists haveRead MorePsychology, Nature Vs. Nurture971 Words   |  4 Pageswhy we are that way? The answer is found in the classic debate in Psychology, Nature vs. Nurture. Aggression is caused by learned behavior, not through genetics. There are two sides of this debate, Nature and Nurture. Nature refers to something that you’re born with and are not able to change. People that follow this are called Nativists. They believe that the traits that you have are passed down through genetics. Nurture means that your personality traits are based on your environment. For exampleRead More Twin Early Development Study: Nature versus Nurture832 Words   |  3 Pagespreference, or in more recent years, the role of gender? I believe that both nature and nurture are responsible for the way one matures. You cannot overlook the fact that some people carry the traits of their ancestors, or the fact that in many situations, people are victims of circumstance. I think the more important question is which side has a larger role in the way people turn out. When assessing the character roles that nurture creates, you must include many factors. A study called TEDS, Twin EarlyRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate1427 Words   |  6 Pagesparents use authoritarian methods and punishment.† The nature Vs nurture debate has been around since 1690 created by the philosopher John Locke who believed we as humans do not have natural, inborn ideas; that our minds are a blank page, upon which experience shall write. Nurture is everything and nature is simply nothing. â€Å"Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors. Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factorsRead MoreThe Theory Of The Mind And Behavior1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthat we are born with imprinted knowledge. Aristotle, a student of Plato, theorized the concept that we were born a blank canvas and the development of our minds are sculpted by our experience, demonstrating that modern psychologi cal debates of nature VS nurture, and interests of the functions of the mind, have been discussed for centuries. Psychology as we know it today is the scientific study of the mind and behaviour. All scientists whether chemists, biologists, physicists or psychologists must employ

Women in Advertising Free Essays

Women in Advertising Irwin Allen Ginsberg; an American poet once said, â€Å"Whoever controls the media, the images, controls the culture. † The media constantly expresses images of the ideal female body. All women have their own individual set of attributes and characteristics, however, the media continuously tries to spread what they feel is the universal standard of what a woman should look like. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Advertising or any similar topic only for you Order Now One might argue, that the images put out by the media strongly affect our generation and the way in which we perceive ourselves. Ginsberg’s statement reminded me of a television advertisement produced by Carl’s Jr. This advertisement featured swimsuit model Kate Upton eating a burger in the backseat of an old school looking car. The advertisement was exceedingly sexually suggestive and showed a substantial amount of unsuitable sex appeal. Carl’s Jr. has acquired quite the reputation of producing these overtly sexual advertisements. Advertisements such as this are damaging today’s generation’s mental and physical state of being. In America, we are surrounded by a society that is primarily consumed by sex. With that being said, there are thousands of companies that produce risky advertisements to compete for the attention of viewers such as Carl’s Jr. With regards to the Kate Upton advertisement, the first thing that caught my eye upon viewing this ad is Upton wearing lace under garments scantily covered by a short polka dot dress. The revealing dress shows off her legs and hangs loosely off her shoulder ultimately exposing her bra and cleavage. The range of positions she lies in throughout the ad goes from innocent to offensive. Upton begins removing the South West Patty Melt from its wrapping and starts to slowly consume the burger in her car. After taking the first taste, Upton starts her high-speed strip tease. For the remaining thirty seconds, the camera moves up and down the parts of her body that are revealed by her dress. She unexpectedly begins sweating all over her body, which makes a direct reference to sex. Upton’s elusive hip movements add to the theme of sex, and serve to sidetrack the viewer from the actual burger itself. Upton’s face looks incredibly pleased as if she is fulfilled with the burger she is advertising but upon close examination, you see that the burger has not been bitten into. Furthermore, this indicates that the intent of this Carl’s Jr. advertisement is to sell sex in addition to the burger itself. The content in this advertisement implies that women cannot only be healthy but also sexually fantasized individuals by purchasing the southwest patty melt. In actuality, the opposite of that implication is often true. The obvious issue in this advertisement is that women rarely consume burgers the size of the one Upton is advertising. More importantly, eating a burger of that size is filled with calories and will not make those women who do resemble Upton physically. Women are incredibly sensitive to their body image and easily perceive the body images media creates. Therefore, this advertisement may be perplexing to female viewers. In the journal Adolescent Evaluation of Gender Role and Sexual Imagery in Television Advertisements authors Donna Rouner and Michael Slater provide readers with insight on a study they conducted; the results portion states, â€Å"Exposure to advertising with idealized images of physical attractiveness will at least temporarily lower female viewers’ self perceptions of physical worth and self being. †(438) With that being said, adolescent females and adult women viewing this advertisement compare themselves to this excessively sexy yet highly idealized model and begin to feel dissatisfied with their own physical appearance. Furthermore, the fact that the feeling of temporary self-loath takes place when viewing advertisements such as the one produced by Carl’s Jr. is chilling. Many adolescent females sit in front of their television screens and are bombarded with hundreds of advertisements each day. When advertisements like this appear, the message getting out to them is, in order for you to be desirable or considered beautiful you must reveal certain parts of your body and act in an incredibly sexual manner. This corrupts the minds of young women. Thus, one might say that the targeted audience for this advertisement is men or male adolescents. According to Carol M. Sheperd, a professor at National University, â€Å"Sexiness of an advertisement causes viewers to remember the ad, and thus the product. †(2) With that being said, though Upton’s advertisement stirred up quite the controversy last year, it was successful in getting people to talk about the ad due its extreme sexual content. More importantly, it got people to go out and buy the Southwest Patty Melt. Nonetheless, Carl’s Jr. uses the pathos rhetorical appeal in this advertisement to evoke certain feelings out of viewers. Upton’s sexually suggestive actions induce emotional responses from her predominately male audience, such as feelings of arousal and even desire. The use of pathos in this ad can go either way when it comes to its effectiveness. When viewing this advertisement a consumer could be paying attention to the high levels of sex appeal and disregard all other elements of the ad, like the actual burger Upton is advertising. Conversely, the appeal of sex can heighten the chance of an advertisement succeeding because it attracts the customer’s attention. In the journal Ethics in Advertising: Sex Sells, but should it? Author Jessica Dawn Blair states: â€Å"The use of sexual appeals in the study seemed to detract from the processing and retention of message arguments. However, it did appear that the recipients would focus their attention more on the execution of ads using the type of appeal. † (112) It is our human nature to be curious about sex. Sex in addition to attractive women in advertisements often sells more than advertisements that do not use this appeal. What does that have to say about our society? The objectification of women in sexual advertisements does nothing but teach the youth of this generation that it is okay to overly sexy and in fact, it is encouraged. That is where the problem lies. These companies want to desperately appeal to their viewers and majority of them do not care if they are sending out the wrong message as long as the product gets sold. Overall, our country has based a vast majority of advertisements on sex appeal to sell their products to the targeted audience of predominately males. For the most part, women have been subjected to the role of playing â€Å"pieces of meat† to men. The objectification of women in advertising has extreme physiological consequences. It has the potential to make women think of themselves in the way in which they are portrayed and it causes them to engage in self-loath or depression. Advertisements such as Kate Upton’s put out a negative viewpoint on women. It is crucial that we reshape our own perception of how we view ourselves. Change starts from within and we have to step up as women, take the lead and reach as high as feasibly possible. Works Cited Blair, Jessica Dawn. â€Å"Ethics in Advertising: Sex Sells, but Should it? † Journal of Legal Ethical and Regulatory Issues 9. 1 (2006): 109-18. ABI/INFORM Complete. Web. 3 Mar. 2013. Carl’s Jr. Advertisement. New York Daily New. N. p. , 1 Mar. 2012. Web. 3 Mar. 2013 Rouner, Donna, Michael D. Slater, and Melanie Domenech-Rodriguez. â€Å"Adolescent Evaluation Of Gender Role And Sexual Imagery In Television Advertisements. † Journal Of Broadcasting ; Electronic Media 47. 3 (2003): 435-454. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 Mar. 2013. How to cite Women in Advertising, Papers

Ledbury Restaurants Case Study on Business Decision Making

Questions: Scenario A restaurant chain plans to open its second restaurant in London. To ensure this is a viable move, the shareholders are keen to understand the market. Therefore you are asked to carry out a planned data collection and data analysis to help the board of directors in understanding the customer pricing preferences.(e.g. income price, age price) Task 1 Report on Data Collection and Analysis, In this report; Create a plan for primary and secondary data collection with presenting the survey methodology sampling frame used Design a questionnaire to collect data and provide a justification for its design Collect data and summarise the collected data using representative values Analyse the collected data using measures of dispersion. You must be able to use the analysis of the pricing preferences to inform and support decision making. Carry out suitable calculations to draw useful and realistic conclusions and provide valid recommendations. Your calculations must include quartile, percentiles and the correlation coefficient. Explain how these calculations helped you to draw useful conclusions. Task 2 Prepare a Business Presentation and a formal Business Report to disseminate information effectively which include; The findings which should be used to draw valid conclusions .You must use spreadsheet software for all calculations and incorporate graphs and charts(line,pie,bar chart,histogram,scatter ) to clearly and effectively present the findings. Trend lines in graphs to assist in forecasting for specified business information. For example, this may include peoples eating behaviours overtime and preferences against seasonal changes. A business presentation to disseminate information effectively Prepare a formal Business Report to be presented to the board of directors Use appropriate information processing tools to analyse the information Plan for the project, identifying relevant CRITICAL PATH, PERT, GANNT Chart, to implement a business process and the recommendations you are suggesting from your findings. For example, a business process to serve customers (It is essential to us e appropriate project managementsoftware) Different financial tools such as discounted cash flow, net present value and IRR functions to evaluate the financial viability of the proposed recommendations Answers: Introduction In the contemporary business scenario decision making is very much depend o upon the primary and the secondary form of research. As the ledbury is one of the leading restaurants who are willing on the expansion of its restaurants chain for that the study is been conducted. The study will focus on the plan for the collecting data for the opening of new chain of restaurants for the ledbury (Cleland and King, 2008). Apart from that, the study will also focuses on the various form of data collection in order specify the feasibility of the project. With the help of various graph and charts, the decision making of the opening of restaurants chain in London will be very much possible across the UK. Task 1 Plan for collecting primary and secondary data Primary data collection: For primary data collection several customers from the various restaurants and the visitors at Trafalgar square are being consider, the primary for of data will be collect via on field survey questionnaire within the London. Primary data collection is very much needed for the first hand collection of data in order to understand the need of the consumers (DeCarlo, 2010). Secondary data: Secondary forms of data are collected via internet research, blogs, social media, company annual report and the other various sources. Apart from that, secondary sources of data is very much helpful in c gathering the informations about the research which is to collect the formation about the existing restaurants and their market share within the business (Gido and Clements, 2012). Secondary data also companies of various forms of journals, newspaper and magazines. Survey Methodology Sampling the sampling here would be used as customers and the manager of the famous restaurants in London. With the help of 55 customer based the 5 manager would satisfied the primary research. The survey methodology would be sued here is quantitative and qualitative form of survey (Ferraro, 2007). For qualitative, secondary form, data would be used from the existing companies and for the quantitative data is collected on filed questionnaire. Design a questionnaire to collect the data a. How often do you visit the restaurant? Options No of respondents Total respondents Response % Last 1 week 12 55 22% Last 1 month 16 55 29% Last 1 year 8 55 15% More than 2 years 10 55 18% More than 5 years 9 55 16% Graph 1: visiting the restaurants From the above, it has been found that, with more than 23% participants visits every week restaurants for the eatings. However, around 29% of respondents go restaurants with every month. The above scenario explains that every month every people visit the restaurant for eating. London is known for the variety of delicacies and the people are known or the quality eating and living (Barker and Chitty, 2009). With the rise in the restaurants business very shows that consumer are willing to taste the different for the delicacies and visit informal way or for occasions, which in both condition satisfies the thought of eating out. b. What are the factors that influences you towards the restaurants? Options No of respondents Total respondents Response % Service Quality 18 55 33% Brand Value 10 55 18% Ambience 13 55 24% Price 9 55 16% Others 5 55 9% Graph 2: factors that influence the consumer towards the restaurants Around 18% of respondents are very much quality preference rather than price. Secondly feels connection with ambience must be neat and clean rather than food quality with 24%. From the above , it has been found that most of the customer are being considered quality of food as their first preference among the other because the people living in London are very much known for their expensive life style and their love of quality delicacies are been known worldwide (Barlow, 2009). As the restaurants manager, it is an opportunity to offer a quality cuisine rather at value pricings. For pricing, company will be using penetration pricings. c. What type of dining do you prefer? Options No of respondents Total respondents Response % Chinese 14 55 26% French 9 55 16% Italian 11 55 20% Traditional (British) 17 55 31% American 4 55 7% Graph 3: Type of dining do you prefer Around 26% of the people of London are found of Chinese rather than other delicacies. Apart from that, the second best food, which has liked my most of people, was French in London. This shows that, rising in Chinese delicacies is been one of the major trend which has been followed by the world (Bates, 2009). The Chinese food was voted most preferable food globally by the Forbes magazines. d. What time you prefer to visit a restaurants? Options No of respondents Total respondents Response % Break fast 11 55 20% Lunch 19 55 34% Dinner 25 55 46% Graph 4: Time for visiting the restaurants From the above, around 34% of the respondents are being loved to dined out rather than having lunch or dinner. Secondly, company uses lunch as their escape route to visits the restaurants. As dining habit is very much has been known for several years. Dine out is one of the major speciality which has been followed by the generation in English (Carpenter and Fairhurst, 2009). As compare to other meals, most of the English love to have dined out because of the hectic schedules and the busy life of the Cockneys. e. How do you prefer your cuisine most? Options No of respondents Total respondents Response % Simple 14 55 25% Crafted 16 55 29% flavoured 8 55 15% Seasoned 10 55 18% Boiled 7 55 13% Graph 5: preference of your cuisine From the above, around 29% of respondents feels should, be crafter meal incorporate to other major food presenting process. Apart from that, other major restaurants goers wants their food in the simple way rather than flavoured. Summarise the data using the values For quantitative form of questionnaire, young adults with the age of 15-45 and income earning of chosen respondents from the 5000 per month has been chosen for the project at the places like Trafalgar square and various other restaurants like Bread kitchen, Heston Blumenthal and Barbeoa (Entrepreneur, 2015). Apart from that, there are two major available has been considered while collecting the data 1st Age and 2nd is Income before asserting the data. The collected data will be taken via non-probability sampling. The online sampling will be non-probability sampling. Customer participation will be based on likert scale. Analyse the results Measure of dispersions Age Population Under 18 9 18-25 21 25-35 45 35-45 19 Over 45 6 Graph 6: Total chosen population sample Mean Income = 15, 20, 21, 20, 36, 15, 25, 15 Sum of these 8 values is 167, so the mean is 167/8= 20.875 The above results shows that, the chosen age group has is 15k to 36 k. The chosen age group is being looking for the quality and cheap dinning in term of pricings. The price of the products must be lower in order to gain the differences. Measure of dispersion Standard deviations Differences SD SD2 15-20.875 -5.875 34.51 20-20.875 -0.875 0.76 21-20.875 -0.125 0.01 20-20.875 -0.875 0.76 36-20.875 15.125 228.75 15-20.875 -5.875 34.51 25-20.875 4.125 17.01 15-20.875 -5.875 34.51 By taking, the SD squares value. Sum is 35.87. The results are 350.875/7=501.25. This value is known as the variance. In order to take the Standard deviations, square root of the variance is considered. This would be (52.1235)2= 7.07. This shows that, measure of dispersion is 7.07 for the age group while selecting respondents. Analyses of percentile, quartile and the correlations coefficient Income Y Price ,X Price*Income SD 15000 128 1920000 1920000 20000 135 2700000 2700000 21000 148 3108000 3108000 25000 168 4200000 4200000 36000 179 6444000 6444000 40000 205 8200000 8200000 42000 332 13944000 13944000 44000 523 23012000 23012000 48000 928 44544000 44544000 50000 1028 51400000 51400000 mean 15947200 18116979.57 quartile 1st Quratile 22000 Median percentile 38000 43000 3rd Quarter percentile 43500 maxvalue percentile 50000 From the above, it has been found that, quartile value of the company is very much suggested that, quartile value is right side. The demand divides the data into two equal data set on income and the price offered by the various restaurants to the participants. The lower quartile is the value of the middle of the first set, where the 255 of values are very much smaller than the Q1, which is 75% larger. The quartile range of the company is shows that, restaurants and income group people are being taking high quality food with the increasing range of the price (Statista, 2015). Apart from that, it also has been found that, increasing income tend s the buyer to go for the higher price food. The taste and preference of the food is changing as per the income and age. One of the major recommendations is been identified during the research is that most of the customers are looking for quality as per their income. So the company should look to keep right quality and valued pricing instead of the using price skimmings. Besides that, extensive advertisement and the proposed quality food with right kind of quality and with right kind of approach lead the company to success in longer run (Ferraro, 2007). However, company should also look to use cost leadership strategy to gain the high market share. Task 2 Secondary research Restaurants in UK Global sales UK sales Arbys Kitchen 89.13 million 35429 Bonanza Steak house 16.301 million 13667 Yo Suhshi 9.3 million 6557 Loch Fyne 3.882 million 3522 Strdada 3.16 million 2251 Wagamama 3 million 2000 Zizzi 2.8 million 1925 Graph 7: Market share of UK Restaurants (Source: Adcock, 2010, pp-132) From the above , graph it has been found that , UK is biggest chain of the restaurants in world starting from the local cuisine to international cuisine. There has been ample evidence which shows that, market share of existing restaurant in UK (Gido and Clements, 2012). One of Arbys kitchen has highest market share of the its goodwill and the quality of food which it serves. As the compare to that, most of restaurants are been very much using the rotten or un-fresh vegetable and fruits which is why quality is lacking. For Global sales Graph 8: Global sales of UK restaurants chain (Source: (Carpenter and Fairhurst, 2010, pp-257) The global sales of Arby are highest because of the name and high brand in London. However, at recently junk food companies like McDonalds and Subway has been very popular and highest market share in worldwide including the UK. Growth of the restaurants chain Types of Restaurants Percent growth in UK (2013) Multi cuisine 38.9% Limited cuisine 20.1% Fixed cuisine 17.33% Seasonal cuisine 19.25% Quick cuisine 21.09% Graph 9: Growth of the restaurants chain (Source: Coviello and Winklhofer, 2008, pp-85) As per the above graph , it has been found that , cockney are very fond of multi cuisnie restaurants who serves world delicacies . Majority of the people are looking to switch to the multi cuisine restaurants with 38% in compare to the fixed or rather tropical based restaurants (Danaher and Johnston, 2009). The survey was conducted by the heath London chamber of commerce in order to help the new age entrepreneur. Forecasting the eating habits of the UK customer base Eating habit of consumers in UK 2005 2009 2013 Growth Salad 28.09% 39.08 48.09% Fresh Sandwiches 28.18% 34% 37.02% Boiled dinner 14% 19.08% 24% Fired Snacks 40.18% 29.09% 19.09% Sweets 44.09% 35% 38.11% Oily food 38.02% 18% 11.09% Graph 10: Forecasting the eating habits of the UK consumers (Source: Heylen et al. 2007, pp-54) In London, most of locales are being very much heath sensitive rather than price sensitive. Most of the people are found of the eating salad which has been increasing from the year 2009 (Bates, 2009). However, decrease in oily food and junk food id decreased from 40% in 2005 to 195 in 2013. This shows that demand of the food oily food is decreasing. Refer to PPT Prepare business Plan In order to open a restaurants business venture various forms of data feasibility study should be considered which also include the market feasibility and financial feasibility. With the help of primary research it has been found that, most of the customer in London is very much acquitted with the quality rather than price. Apart from that, another major factors would be pricing and ambience of the restaurants which is very much considered before moving to the restaurants (Entrepreneur, 2015). On the other hand, secondary research helps the organisations to cater large customer base. From the above research , it has been found that, most of restaurant are using fresh and quality form of food which is served within the London and global with rise in Abey restaurants because of its quality and the rest known for using low pricing strategies to gain the market base. However, rise in salads in UK market and the rise in boiled food rather than junk food is one of the major reason of concern for the ledbury restaurants (Hellman, 2005). Using appropriate tool for the restaurants business Activity Description Activity duration (days) Depends on A Preparing the business plan 10 - B Primary and secondary research plan 25 A C Hiring personnel 3 B D Work orders 60 C E Supply of equipments Assemble measure ingredients 20 C F Sources of funds 10 C G Renting a building 15 C H Installations of equipments 5 E,FG I Furntur fittings 10 DH J Monitoring 2 I Project plan Activity Depends on Normal time Crash time Normal cost Crash cost A - 10 8 4900 6000 B A 25 24 3000 6000 C B 3 2 2000 3300 D C 60 58 1600 3000 E C 20 19 5000 6000 F C 10 9 1800 4000 G C 15 13 6000 8000 H E,FG 5 4 8000 9000 I DH 10 9 3000 4000 J I 2 1 1000 2000 Figure 1: CPM of new restaurants business (Source: created by author) Table 1: Gantt chart (Source: Created by author) Financial tools NPV for new Restaurants business project Year Cash flow Present value 0 -500000 -500,000 1 200,000 181,818.18 2 300,000 247,933.88 3 200,000 150,262.96 NPV=80,015,02 Payback period of the restaurants chain business Payback period for 3 years Year Cash flow 0 -500000 1 200,000 2 300,000 3 200,000 Payback period =3+ (50, 0000/200,000) =5.5 years NPV is one of the major financial tool which shows that highest is the NPV higher chance of the choosing the project. In this case NPV is 80, 015,02. NPV considers time value of money which is most effective. Another major method is payback period which shows that lower would be year rate larger will be chance of according the project (DeCarlo, 2010). Since the investor will be restaurants within the 5 years, the project of restaurant business must be chosen. Conclusion From the above , study in has been found that , in order to open restaurants chain then the company need prepare primary research and secondary form research for decision making the market conditions. The primary research has helped the companies to gather the primary form of data which shows people of London are eager to prefer quality than price. Apart from that ambience and payment options are other major attractions for the customers. From the secondary research it has been found that, rising competition between the existing firms within the London and UK will be one of the major problems. People of London are very much narrowed towards the salads rather than fried food habits. Reference list Books Cleland, D. I. and King, W. R. (2008) Project management handbook, 4th ed. New York: Van No strand Reinhold. DeCarlo, D. (2010) EXtreme Project Management: Using Leadership, Principles, 4th ed. London: Kogan Page Limited Ferraro, J. (2007) The Strategic Project Leader: Mastering Service-Based Project Leadership, New York: Taylor Francis Gido, J. and Clements, J. P. (2012) Successful Project Management, 5th ed. London: McGraw-Hill Education. Adcock, D. (2010) Marketing: Principles and practice. 4th ed. London, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publication. Barker, N., and Chitty, W., (2009). Integrated Marketing Communications Asia Pacific Edition. 6th ed. New York, London: Routledge. Barlow, J. (2009) Excel models for business and operations management. 6th ed. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Inc. Journals Bates, T. (2009) Analysis of Survival Rates among Franchise and Independent Small Business Startups, Journal of Small Business Management 33(2): 2636. Carpenter, J. M. and Fairhurst, A. (2009) Consumer shopping value, satisfaction and loyalty for retail apparel brands. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 9 (3), 256-269. Connell, S. (2008) Travel broadens the mind The case for international research. International Journal of Market Research, 44 (1), 97106. Corstjens, M. and Lal, R. (2008) Building store loyalty through store brands. Journal of Marketing Research, 37 281-291. Coviello, N. E. and Winklhofer, H. (2008) Contemporary Marketing Practices Research Program: A Review of the First Decade, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 23 (2), 84-94 Danaher, P. J. and Johnston, W. J. (2009) How Firms Relate to Their Markets: An Empirical Examination of Contemporary Marketing Practices, Journal of Marketing, 66 (3), 33-46. Hellman, K. (2005) "Strategy-driven B2B promotions", Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 20(1), pp.4 - 11 Heylen, J. P., Dawson, B. and Sampson, P. (2007) An Implicit Model of Consumer Behaviour. Journal of the Marketing Research Society, 37(1), 51-67. Websites Entrepreneur, (2015). Entrepreneur - Start, run and grow your business.. [online] Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/ [Accessed 21 Jan. 2015]. Statista, (2015). Healthy eating habits when dining out U.S. 2014 | Statistic. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/327004/healthy-eating-habits-of-consumers-in-restaurants-us/ [Accessed 21 Jan. 2015].

The Joy of American Sign Language Essay Example For Students

The Joy of American Sign Language Essay J. P. Morgan once remarked that A man has two reasons for what he does- a good one, and a real one. These words reflect upon the stark difference between appearance and reality. The play, A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen illustrates this difference greatly. Set in Norway in the nineteenth century, the play revolves around a middle class woman, Nora, and her struggle with identity and independence. Besides Nora, two other characters exemplify the theme of appearance versus reality in A Dolls House. Noras husband, Torvald, and their family friend, Dr.Rank, both are not all that meets the eye. Chief among these characters, however, is Nora. The wife of Torvald Helmer, Nora has her life made for her. She has more than enough money due to her husbands appointment to a high level banking position. We will write a custom essay on The Joy of American Sign Language specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now She has three lovely children that, in the Victorian spirit, she rarely sees. She has a beautiful house, complete with maid and nanny, and she has a secret. Though Nora seems to be the perfect Victorian wife- dependant upon Torvald for everything to the point that her definition of freedom becomes To be free, absolutely free. To spend time playing with the children. To have a clean, beautiful house, the way Torvald likes it. (Ibsen 977) Nora goes as far as to include Torvalds will into her definition of freedom. The reality of the situation, as it unfolds with the play, is quite contrary. In the moments before Nora walks out on Torvald, it is revealed that she has become an independent woman, able to think and act for herself. Torvald tries to reason with her, telling her that she is a wife and a mother, but she responds, saying that believe in that anymore.

Barbaric vs. Barbarous

Barbaric vs. Barbarous Barbaric vs. Barbarous Barbaric vs. Barbarous By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between barbaric and barbarous? The terms are nearly interchangeable, though for two connotations, one term is preferred over the other. Barbaric or barbarous behavior or other characteristics are those that suggest a cultural attainment between savagery and civilization. These adjectives also refer to unrestrained actions or those a civilized person would consider primitive, strange, or uncouth. Barbaric, however, is more appropriate in the sense of cruelty or harshness, while barbarous more strongly implies unsophisticated behavior. Barbarian, the noun form, is also used as an adjective. The origin of these terms is the Latin word barbaria, meaning â€Å"foreign country†; this meaning derives from the Greek term barbaros, meaning â€Å"foreign† or â€Å"strange.† Ultimately, it likely stems from the idea that utterances in unfamiliar languages sound like meaningless babble and can be recorded as something close to â€Å"bar-bar.† (Babble and blabber may be related to barbarian.) Latin usage referred to anyone outside the cultural influence of the Roman Empire, and later connotation of barbarian implied someone who does not speak one’s language; these senses, still later, extended to identify any ill-mannered person. The name Barbara shares this etymology, with the appealing sense of â€Å"exotic† rather than the unattractive one of â€Å"strange†; a saint by that name prompted its popularity among Christians. The root of the proper noun Barbary, which referred to the lands along the north coast of Africa, is of disputed origin. It derives from Berber, an Arabic term for the inhabitants of North Africa outside Egypt, which might have a local origin, might stem from Arabic (with the same sense of â€Å"babbler†), or might be borrowed from Greek. Barber is unrelated to these words and names; it stems from the Latin term barba, meaning â€Å"beard.† That word itself is probably cognate with barber through a common ancestor word. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of RhymeConfusing "Passed" with "Past"Drama vs. Melodrama

Active contours

Active contours Active contours are one category of variational methods that have been used widely within image segmentation applications. An energy functional is defined with arguments as the image parameters and a closed curve that partitions the objects in the image. There are two main methods of representing the curves such as (a) extrinsic and (b) intrinsic. Extrinsic representation keeps function values at boundary points. Intrinsic lets use of functions that are defined on all the point of the image and are more desirable. Intrinsic representation of a planar curve C using an auxiliary function is denoted as C = f(x; y) j (x; y) = 0g (22) where (x; y) is called level set function of curve C and the zero level of (x; y) is taken as the contour. Curvature  of the closed curve C with level set function  is given by  = div( 5 k5k ) (23) The deformation of the contour is reprsented in a numerical form as a partial differential equation @(x;y) @t =j 5(x; y) j ( + ((x; y))) (24) where  is a constant speed term to push or pull the contour. Mean curvature of the level set function is defined as: ((x; y)) = xx2 yà ´Ã‚€Â€Â€2xyxy+yy2 x (2 x+2 y)3=2 (25) where x is the first derivative with respect to x and xx is the second derivative with respect to x. The role of the curvature term is to control the regularity of the contour and  controls the balance between the regularity and robustness of the contour. Chan Vese formulated the energy function F in terms of an internal force Eint and an external force Eext F(C) = R 1 0 [Eint(C(S)) + Eext(C(S))]ds (26) Eint = length(C) + Area(Cin) (27) Eext = R Cin j I(x; y) à ´Ã‚€Â€Â€ I1 j2 + R Cout j I(x; y) à ´Ã‚€Â€Â€ I2 j2 (28) where  and  are positive fixed parameters which help to smoothen the growing contour. I(x; y) is intensity value of image region and I1 and I2 are average intensity value inside and outside the object region, respectively. IV. IMPLEMENTATION AND ANALYSIS All qualitative and quantitative outcome of the algorithm were recorded by running the Matlab programs with Intel(R) Core (TM) i7 CPU, 3.4 GHz, 4 GB RAM with Matlab 14 (a) on Windows 8. A. Description of Test Data The dataset used in the proposed algorithm consists of scanned images of stained breast biopsy slides from MITOS dataset [35]. Each set is composed of 96 high power field (HPF) images of breast tissue scanned at 40X magnification using two different scanners, Aperio (AP) and Hamamatsu (HM), with a resolution of 0.23-0.24 m:. All the images are 1376  1539  3 size. B. Experimental Strategies This paper qualitatively and quantitatively compares the KHO based optimal nuclei detection performance with the watershed based detection done by S. Ali et al. [8] and blue ratio image based detection done by Irshad et al. [21]. The segmentation performance is compared with local threshold method done by Cheng Lu et al. [22]. 1) Experiment 1: Evaluating the optimal threshold value: Goal of this experiment was to prove the power of KHO based optimal thresholding to detect the exact nuclei regions in histology images. It also compares the optimum value of the threshold obtained by KHO in breast histopathology images with GA, HSA and BFA. 2) Experiment 2: Comparison of Detection Accuracy: Aim of this work is to validate the detection performance of the proposed technique against the watershed and blue ratio techniques in terms of detection sensitivity and precision. 3) Experiment 3: Comparison of Segmentation Accuracy: This evaluates the performance of the detection algorithm in ACM segmentation and compare the results against two state-of-the-art techniques in terms of boundary based distance measures. This experiment also measure the strength of the algorithm to resolve the touching nuclei in terms of touching nuclei resolution.1) Evaluation of Detection Performance: This paper qualitatively and quantitatively evaluates the application of optimal thresholding in nuclei detection performance. The mean objective value and standard deviation express the consistency and stability of the algorithms. The results obtained by KHO are compared with GA, HSA and BFA. The parameters used in these algorithms are given in Table II.The quantitative evaluation of detection performance is carried out by locating the centroid of detected nuclear regions. The measures used to assess the nuclei detection comprise of: 1) Sensitivity (SD); 2) Positive Predictive value or Precision (PD); and 3) F-measure (FD) as given in eq. (26), (27), and (28), respectively. The results obtained are compared with manual detection results by an expert pathologist. The SD and PD values are computed from the number of truepositives (number of correctly detected nuclei, Ntp) , falsepositives (number of wrongly identified nuclei, Nfp) and false negatives(number of nuclei not detected by the algorithm, Nfn). The detected object is considered as true positive if its centroid is within 10 pixels range of manually determined centroid location. If no centroid was manually located within

Vodafone's sale of ownership of joint venture to Verizon Assignment

Vodafone's sale of ownership of joint venture to Verizon - Assignment Example It is expected that if the deal goes through successfully then it will be one of the biggest in the history of Merger and Acquisition (Financial Times, 2013). History of Joint Venture In 2004, Vodafone was close to sell their shares to Verizon Wireless but their initiative did not materialize then primarily due to Vodafone’s failure to bid for AT&T Wireless. The Chief Executive officer of Vodafone at that time, Arun Sarin, stated that both Verizon and Vodafone were interested in bigger stakes in their joint venture and both were unwilling to forego majority ownership (Yahoo, 2013). Vodafone entered the United States market in the year 1999 through a series of deals that ultimately resulted in the formation of Verizon Wireless in the year 2000, with Verizon Communications holding majority 55% stake and Vodafone the rest. ... Arun Sarin, who led Vodafone from 2003 to 2008, and the current CEO of Vodafone Vittorio Colao, has resisted the move by Verizon. The resistance of Vodafone was often made in the face of investor that demands for sale. Verizon Wireless became the largest telecom operator in the United States, a growing market that boasts higher prices and margins compared to Europe (BBC, 2013). The subsequent CEO of Vodafone Plc, Vittorio Colao, clearly stated that the company was still interested to sell the stake of Vodafone and dilute ownership but only when they get the right price in the sense that odds seeming favourable to owners of Vodafone Plc. Since then five years have gone by and it seems that Vodafone’s definition of the right time appears to be at present as evident from the official announcement made on the 29th of August 2013. The company has publicly announced that Vodafone Group Plc was officially negotiating with Verizon Communications to sell its stake in Verizon Wireless. In the past when Verizon initially offered to buyout Vodafone through Joint Venture, the company was valued at $ 100 billion. But the deal failed since Vodafone’s offer to sale its stake was valuing the entity at approximately a little over $130 billion. A popular article in The Wall Street Journal stated that Verizon Communications Inc. had lost a golden chance to get full control of one of the most active telecom companies in the world and its wireless joint venture. The company agreed to shell out billions more than it had to if the company had decided to buyout its partner in the past. As Verizon Wireless resumed dividend payouts, Vodafone has received $ 11.5 billion (? 7.34 billion) from the

Discuss and draw comparsions between the common themes in 'South Coursework

Discuss and draw comparsions between the common themes in 'South Downs' and 'The Browning Version' - Coursework Example He detects failure in his career. Due to his deteriorating health, Andrew resigns with not much to show. Not even his students or his colleagues were grateful for his dedicated service. Jean Kent takes the role of Millie, (Andrew’s wife) and it is evident that their marriage is at the edge. Millie is going out with a chemistry teacher, and she does not have the dignity to hide her infidelity from her husband. Millie’s new hook is known as Frank Hunter, a character well brought out by Nigel Patrick. Millie is breaking up with Andrew because he is unromantic. Taplow, a student at Andrew work place is highly sensitive, and this makes him break into Andrew’s confidential British exterior. 1The student offers Andrew an Agamemnon translation which makes him to breakdown with emotions. During the graduation ceremony, Andrew surprises everybody by giving an emotional speech. He mainly apologizes for letting people around him down. Andrew feels belittled by his wife who r idicules him. Adding salt to injury, his students keep on making fun of him. The school betrays him too even though he had been working for it faithfully. He has to accept the fact that nobody loves him and should see himself as other people think of him. He also has to accept that he is a failure due to the loss of his marriage, job and health. When Taplow presents him the Agamemnon play, he realizes he was insufficient in his work. His school denied him a pension after he retired and even his final speech was almost denied by his headmaster (Andrew Woodall). Andrew is devastated when he learns his nick name â€Å"the Himmler of the lower fifth†. He still keeps his head high and is composed even though he knows that he is dying inside with insults and rejection. 2He accepts his position as the society places him but keeps his dignity as a gentleman and an outstanding teacher proficient in English. Summary of South Downs Hare is smart in developing a play which has been inspi red by a classic done by Terrence Rattigan. Most of The David Hare's works have been rated as intellectual. Although South Downs was tremendously inspired by Terrence, most of David’s life was characterized by sadness when he was still at a school going age. Blakemore as a character in South Down clearly narrates how his life was. Blakemore is only 14 years, intelligent and understands the pope’s poetry. The school setting in South Downs is the same as the one in browning version. Blakemore is a delightful boy that is earnest, and lonely. He is highly suspected by other boys. Among the few friends he has one of their mothers offers Blakemore tea, cake and advice. She shows him sympathy and with this, Blakemore (Alex Lawther) eases up. John Blakemore has a distinctive character and personality. He is afraid of nuclear bombs and wants to be given permission to wear a badge that is against the bombs at school. His father being a sailor, they are not financially establishe d, and they live in a semidetached house. He is currently in school because of a scholarship. All the other boys can afford a decent life since they come from well to do families. Because he comes from such an environment, he is curious to understand his new environment and this makes him be counted as an odd one out. His current world (school) is full of showing off and

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Coffee and Starbucks Essay In 1971, Starbucks was founded on a love for coffee and 42 years later you can still go in and expect the same delicious cup of steaming hot coffee from your local store, served to you from a friendly face. Starbucks mission is â€Å"to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. Today, with more than 18,000 stores in 62 countries, Starbucks is the premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the world. And with every cup, we strive to bring both our heritage and an exceptional experience to life. † (http://www. starbucks. com/about-us/our-heritage). They offer the best roasted coffee, handcrafted beverages; coffee experience products, excellence service and innovation, plus they are dedicated to produce a great coffee experience to customers. (Starbucks, 2011) The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze Starbucks’ organizational structure and the best form of organizational structure that best fits Starbucks with an emphasis on Job description and Job Specification for a Starbucks employee. I will also try to determine the form of departmentalization that should be used, as well as whether centralization or decentralization of power should be used in light of the recent financial struggles they’ve had. Lastly, I will attempt to determine which organizational configuration best fits Starbucks. Job description is defined as â€Å"a formal lists of tasks and duties† and Job specification is defined as â€Å"a list of eligibility requirements or qualifications needed to perform a job† (Reilly, Minnick Baack. 2011). These definitions will be used in creating a position for a new employee. Job Description: If you love coffee and helping people than you just might be perfect for this job! At Starbucks, we strive to provide a much needed service in today’s busy world. At Starbucks you can learn all about different coffee beans from all over the world and help in developing a great working team. You will be trained in what it means to thoroughly enjoy your job, the people you work with in a clean and safe environment and to enjoy working with the best coffee you can imagine. Job Specification: Develop a working knowledge of all products we offer. Maintain a clean and friendly store. Maintain a professional attitude and your composure should the store become busier than usual. Anticipates customer and store needs. Be Flexible with shifts and days that you can work. Starbucks should be using is departmentalization by geographic region. Starbuck locations are all over the United States. Starbucks uses a matrix configuration by combining divisional and functional structures. Divisional structure is used in multi-product or multi-market operations. Starbucks fall into this structure by having so many different beverages and items on the menu. When putting out so many different items one has to specialize in those items. Starbucks trains their employees to know every item inside and out. You cannot have one person who can make one drink and nit another. They use functional structure to stay organized activities such as coordination, supervision and task allocation. With 18,000 stores it takes many teams to stay updated of everything that is going on in the market. Starbucks hires people who specialize in marketing strategy to keep them on top of the market. The form should be changed in the stores that serve lunch because the structure of the work changes. It becomes more of a machine bureaucracy in that it is highly routine in making drinks as well as sandwiches and salads. When you have to repeat something many times you are working like a machine. Starbucks has decentralized authority because they created decision-making for each manager. There are also lots of stores around the world and each store has different from the authority, managers, and customers. This also allows for employees to be able to give their thoughts, opinions, and ideas. If the company uses their ideas they are rewarded. It also allows for the lines of communication to stay open between employees and managers which allows for a friendly working environment. Starbucks is making sure that it is here to stay. By surrounding itself and its team members with the best training and communication they stand out against all competitors. Yes, other will try to stand up against the designer coffee label but when it comes down to it Starbucks is finding new ways to stay at the top. With being in different regions they have created an evening atmosphere where you can drop in after work, with friends, after yoga, by yourself, after a long day or after a great day. The food is amazing. The wine selection is simple and smart (www. starbucks. com/coffeehouse/starbucks-stores/starbucks-evenings). Starbucks will change the structure of the business as many times as it takes to make it work for them. You never know they may create things that work for them that do not work for other coffee shops. REFERENCES Reilly, M. , Minnick, C. , Baack, D. (2011). The five functions of effective management. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. https://starbucks. com https://starbucks. com/about-us/out-heritage.

Noah Webster, A Man Who Loved Words by Elaine Cunningham :: Book Review Summary Report

The book I read was "Noah Webster, A Man Who Loved Words." It was written by Elaine Cunningham. The book has twelve chapters. The book has 176 pages in it. This book is a very good book. I would recommend it to anyone my age. The book was kind of sad also. In the beginning of the story, Noah is five. He was always eager to learn. Noah could not wait to learn. When he could go to school, he was so excited. One thing that was upsetting to Noah was that the older boys could only go to school during the cold seasons. On the first day of school, Noah was expecting to learn to read. They didn't, so Noah was upset. Once Noah was ten, he had to work on the farm. By then, Noah knew how to read and write. Noah read the books he borrowed from the priests. When Noah was fifteen, he went to college. He was really excited because there were teachers to meet, books to read, and lessons to learn. Noah was going to go to Yale University. The day he finally left, Noah was sad about leaving his family. His father helped him unpack. Noah's roommate was Oliver Walcott. In June of 1776, Noah got a letter from his father saying that there was going to be declaration of independence for the country from Great Britain. The letter also said there was going to be war. For the second year of college everyone was talking about the war. Noah wanted to help fight the British. A few days later, Noah got really sick. Noah had smallpox. Luckily, Noah got better really soon. In 1778, 21 year-old Noah graduated from college. Noah wanted to be a lawyer but he had no money or a job. Finally, Noah applied to be a teacher for the winter terms. His students loved him dearly. He enjoyed teaching. Noah promised a spelling book for his students. Still the students worked hard to please their school master. By 1781 Noah was a junior esquire attorney at law. He studied and studied. All that studying helped Noah. He mastered all the law books in his friend's library.

The City: Creating a Sense of a Place

A few miles south of central London, the gentle flow of an open sewer runs deep and green, glistening ever so closely to Green Park, pattering on at its own tranquil pace, before reaching off into the distance. On one side of this unappealing canal, the golden walls of the council flats reach on until clashing with the lively air of the vibrant city, but on the park side, the bank lined with shrubs- fresh and green with every spring, carry in their lower leaf junctures the reminder of the debris of the stormy winds; and broken bottles gleaming in the morning sun, tall dark weeds with their whittled leaves as a testimony to their harsh life. On the sandy bank under the bushes the leaves lie so crisp that even a rat makes a great skittering noise if he were to run across them. Gangsters came out in the evening, all of them looking frightened and panicky while looking around constantly as if they were expecting something bad to happen, once they're happy warm streets soon start teeming with the activity that can only be found in such an able community. The ladies of the nights hurrying along to their corners, their high heals clattering with every step. They leave a lingering scent of cheap perfume and their adventures of the night before. Each inhabitant looked as though they belonged no place but there. Suddenly the shady streets burst with the melodic roar of street life; the gentle sirens in the back ground, the arguing of neighbours that have become almost mandatory in this little place, the roar of the cars as they sped past and the sound of their horns when trapped like a corned beast, the incessant dog barking, the booming music with its heavy bass filling the streets and the wind whistling through the gaps in the buildings. There is a road leading past the bushes and through the park, driven rough by boys coming out of the nearby college, their wheels screeching like a tortured cat as they make their way to the city centre, and driven hastily by bureaucrats coming down from the adjacent office block to spend a night in the pub and drink away their guilty life. In front of the low horizontal limb of a giant sycamore nearby to this pub, there is a bench that's been worn down after many drunken nights; the bench's paint is worn by the many tramps that have spent night after night on it, the many drunks passing out on it and just your average common vandal looking to leave their mark in the crumbling neighbourhood, a desperate attempt to get some attention from the uncaring world. The evening of a hot day started with little wind, moving among the people, creating the effect of a Mediterranean bar. The shade climbed up the street towards the end. Outside the pub lone drunks sat noisily, like little grey sculptured stones, passers by hurriedly avoiding the stench of stale beer and urine. Then from the highway came the sound of sirens on a busy road, the drunks looked worriedly around, few even scattering into the shadows not wanting to be the one pulled away for a minor infringement of the law. Out of one of the flats a frightened kid hurried down the road and around the corner, fleeing from the familiar sound of â€Å"BOY, does your mother know you're out? † For a moment the place was lifeless, nothing was moving and there was an eerie stillness. Gradually two police cars emerged from the distance, creeping towards the pub only to pull up next to the park bench. Two policemen get out then pompously and arrogantly make their way to the pub while meeting the gazes of the nearby onlookers and revelling in the effect they had on the innocent drinkers. Everyone stirred, whether they were guiltily looking into their glasses or starting up a false conversation, they were all thinking the same thing, going over in their head all the crimes they had committed in their life, wondering about their innocence. Then, before the cops could even order a drink, a group of gangsters, covered from head to toe in black clothes, suddenly emerged from the shadows, their gold chains glittering in the dim light. They met eyes with the cops. There were a few moments when no-one moved before there was a crash as the cops outside table was overturned and used as temporary cover. Almost simultaneously, the gangsters dived behind some bushes surrounding the nearby park bench. The pubs customers were stunned in awe, they did not realise what was going on until the first piercing gunshot entered their ears, immediately followed by a blood curling feminine scream that lasted for only a few seconds before disappearing into the mixture of blood, gunshots and terrified yelps. At first neither side was giving in despite the incredible amount of frenzied bystanders. After a few moments of chaos people started stampeding and fighting with each other to get inside first. A mother tried to shield her baby in a pushchair as she ran for cover. A teenager films it with his phone from behind a bush hoping for the fame that usually preceded such events. No one is sure how long it lasted but all that was left was the bodies of the dead, the cries of the wounded and two extremely proud looking cops. No one dared to speak or even move, they rather just lay there, motionlessly. Then almost as if they knew their cue, birds started chirping and a gust of wind started blowing. And for a brief moment the chaos that had just consumed this little street subsided.

Fan fiction Essay

Fan Fiction writing is the act of writing material with information from someone without their consent either written or otherwise. The written material is then released to the public on grounds that show the material as owner’s original; and doesn’t acknowledge it as re-edited. This will appear as the original material given that the reader had not had a chance to get the very original material. I want to agree that this activity is not legitimate one, the fact that a writer (author) writes their work and it goes into the public arena doesn’t require reframing or amendments. If the reader thinks of that work in another version, let it remain within them. Let not that which they think would have been better of; go out to the public. Interfering with this is wrong. Supposing all the fans decided to alter this original material into their way and everyone has a different understanding of same article? Letting this out to the public as well? Would not people get confused? I believe if a writer wants an opinion about their article, they know how to go about it, they know where to send it or who to give it to before it is released to the public. By the time it is getting to the public it is usually the writer’s best on that. I quite disagree that fun fiction should be a way of improving young writer’s skills of writing. Why cant these young writers come up with themes yet not released to the public and write on them? Why can’t they also get creative? There are so many things that the writers have not covered so far. It is also so wrong for fan writers to write an article and post it using the original writer’s names. Is this not theft? Is it not offensive to impersonate? The text showed this â€Å"Fan fiction is a good way to avoid learning how to be a writer. Fan fiction allows the writer to pretend to be creating a story, while using someone else’s world, characters, and plot. Coloring Barbie’s hair green in a coloring book is not a great act of creativity. Neither is putting lipstick on Ken. Fan fiction does exactly those kinds of things. † A very good example given on the text ‘the extreme analogy: You send me a photograph of your family reunion, titled ‘The Herkimer’s Get together’. I think it looks dull. So I Photo-Shop it to put your friends and relations into compromising positions in various stages of undress. Then I post it on the Internet, under the title ‘The Herkimer’s Get Together’, and add a note that it was sent to me from Pete Herkimer of Missoula, Montana. Suddenly there is your face and name, and the faces of the people you care about, doing things that you would never do. Are you flattered that I thought your photograph was interesting enough to use? Or are you insulted and horrified? Are you alarmed that I so clearly connected work that is not yours to your good name? Although I must agree with the statement from the text ‘And†¦ As for definitions, to what extent is Paradise Lost a fan fiction of the Bible? To what extent is Tennyson’s ‘Ulysses’ a fan fiction of the Odyssey? For much of human history, the concept of creative ownership Hobb seems to be using was thoroughly different: characters could be reused and rewritten as seen fit. Even given the capitalist ‘ownership’ argument, which I personally find distasteful, narrow-minded, and restrictive, once again, the fan fiction under discussion is NON-COMMERCIAL’ There are those exceptions that would be allowed, the example of Paradise lost, and this seems to be a clearer edition of the Bible as far this generation is concerned. The fact that it is a book used for the continuity of the salvation of human race may need to be re-edited but the change of theme may not be altered. Another importance of fan fiction may be an act that is based on a book and probably is used for literature in schools. The author may have not written it as a play but someone else may act it and this way students may understand the book better as compared to reading it. I know that all the fan writers have a different way of looking at a particular article from that of the original writer and that is they want to reframe it, but I wonder where they were when the story was being created in that way which they don’t settle for. Keeping any ideas of how it should have looked to oneself is the best thing. Can’t people respect the work of others and promote original text writings? Fun fiction sometimes may even change the whole outlook of a story, there must be reasons why an author/writer decides to use some words and leave out others. There is a reason why the chapters in a book follow each other the way they do. In case a fan writer for example interferes with the flow of chapters and decides to bring the last chapter in the middle then any other reader might not find a reason of reading the book to the end. The flow is changed therefore the conclusion of the story comes in the middle, so why go ahead and read what you already know? Fan fiction sometimes is used on the internet, whereby an article from a newspaper may be used and with the application of coral draw; alteration may happen. When this same article is sent to people on the net, it might just convince them since they can see that it is from a legitimate source from a well known editor or writer. While this may happen on basis of malice and once the damage is caused rectifying it may be hard. So generally I know that fan fiction may be damaging. All writers have a chance of developing good writing skills but not through fan fiction as written the text ‘The first step to becoming a writer is to have your own idea. Not to take someone else’s idea, put a dent in it, and claim it as your own. You will learn more from writing one story of your own, no matter how bad it is, than the most polished Inuyasha fan fiction that you write. Taking that first wavering step out into the unknown territory of your own imagination is what it is all about. When you can write well enough to carry a friend along, then you’ve really got something. But you aren’t going to get anywhere clinging to the comfort of saying, â€Å"If I write a Harry Potter story, everyone will like it because they already like Harry Potter. I don’t have to describe Hogwarts because everyone saw the movie, and I don’t have to tell Harry’s back story because that’s all done for me. † I agree with this statement totally. A good writer should have their own ideas and develop those ideas into stories. Reading more will help any writer get skill and get broader but fan fiction writing is demeaning to any writer. It makes a writer wholly rely on an article already thought and written instead of promoting the unique ideas any individual writer may be able to come up with. The danger of letting this continue is that we will never know what the original writer of a story intending us to know. We can never differentiate between fiction and true story. My conclusion would be depending on the intention of the fan fiction writer; this is how it can be looked at as a legal act or an illegal one. The writer in the text who is against this uses so harsh language and I found it not fair since it is not everyone who writes for fan fiction has a bad motive. â€Å"Look, the original author really screwed up the story, so I’m going to fix it. Here is how it should have gone†.

Substance Abuse and Addiction Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis

Substance Abuse and Addiction Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis Substance Abuse and Addiction Substance Abuse and Addiction By: HHS4UO Ms. Campbell Monday, June 2, 2014 This study is to show the impact on substance use and addiction on families, and the individuals involved. This topic is important because it will contain detailed information about the causes and effects of drug use, and the impact of substance abuse on society. Substance use is the consumption of low or infrequent doses of alcohol and other drugs, sometimes called experimental, casual, or social use, such that damaging consequences may be rare or minor. Addiction is the fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity. In a CAMH 2009 study, 17.8% of Ontario students in gr. 7-12 use prescription pain relievers non-medically. That's just under 200,000 students - and that's just Ontario! Prescription drugs are the third most commonly abused substances by students in Ontario behind alcohol and marijuana. This research will explain the different types of substance abuse such as, no use, experimental use, social or occasional use, meditational use, har mful use and dependence. Substance abuse can include, alcohol, prescription drugs, street drugs and any form of opioids. These types of substances when abused can lead to criminal penalty, and can harm the user physically, socially, and psychologically. My main research questions is: How does substance abuse and addiction affect an individual and the society? A potential answer to this question can be it effects the persons health, social life and can cause financial issues through rehab treatments or supporting the addiction. Substance abuse affects the society because it is linked to homelessness, crime rates, and also influences violent and risky behavior which is costly to society. Other questions that will be answered include: What Are the Harmful Consequences of Drug Use? Why Do People Use Drugs? What is addiction? These three questions will go more in depth to the main research question, which will lead to a better understanding of substance abuse and addiction and its effect on a person and society. What Are the Harmful Consequences of Drug Use? Drugs are not considered harmful when used for medical purposes, illegal drug use causes harmful consequences such as, physical, mental, legal, economic and social problems. Safety hazards are a main concern for drug users, because they can distort reality, and can cause impaired sense of memory,and attention.This can cause the user harm to themselves or others around, ex, driving under the influence is a danger to an individual and the society. Knowing the tolerance level is another main factor for an individual using, users tend to increase their drug dosage in order to get the same effect, the body does not have always adapt to the new tolerance level, which leads to organ failure and overdose (OToole, 2014). Overdose can be fatal and may cause death depending on what drug and how much it is consumed, if survived from an overdose it leads to many metal and physical disabilities. Excessive use of substances lead to physical and mental health problems. Physical problems vary from what kind of substance being abused, alcohol will damage the liver, smoking tobacco or marijuana will damage the lungs, using needles to inject may cause HIV or Aids, and sniffing any form of powered drugs will damage the nose tissues. Drugs can also cause lung cancer, leukemia,and ovarian cancer( Associated Press, 2014). Mental health can include behavior problems, anxiety, depression, memory loss, and learning disability. Mental and physical health problems are the most harmful consequences an addict will have to face. According to a study published this month in The Lancet by Dr. Ben Kim, alcohol and tobacco rank among the ten most dangerous substances used by humans. Both alcohol and tobacco have been assessed to be more dangerous than illegal drugs like marijuana or ecstasy. Substance abuse and addiction can be just as harmful to the society as it is to the individual. Crime and violence correlate with substance abuse, in many studies and investigations it shows that most crime offenders have or use drugs. Date rape is a common example to show the correlation between drugs and crime, drugs such as Rohypnol, Ketamine and GHB. The drugs can make the victim have loss of muscle control, sight

Rise and Fall of Napoleon Bonaparte Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Rise and Fall of Napoleon Bonaparte - Essay Example Probably, it led to overestimation of his abilities and eventually led to his defeat. Napoleon – Early Years Napoleon Bonaparte was born in a wealthy family in Ajaccio, on the Mediterranean Island of Corsica on 15th August 1769. His father, Carol Bonaparte, was a lawyer and a political opportunist. At that time, Corsica had just been sold to France by Genoa. So, Napoleon was not of French origin. According to Marsh, there were both luck and personal factors which favored Napoleon in his rise to power (5). As his father climbed the political ladder and as his mother had connections with Corsica’s French military governor, Napoleon had the chance to enter the military academy at Brienne in the year 1779. As Landau points out, it was this entry into military that acted as the very basis of his rise to power. With extraordinary talent in areas like mathematics, the workaholic genius graduated as a second lieutenant in the artillery in the year 1785 (18). Though Napoleon was posted on the French mainland, he was able to engage actively in the Corsican politics. Though he supported Corsican rebel Pasquale Paoli in the beginning, there were differences in opinion later on, and the Bonaparte had to flee to France. The French Revolution during the latter half of the 18th century was a fertile soil for individuals with talent to come to the fore. Fremont-Barnes reflects that the people agitated throughout France in a protest against the atrocities committed by the wealthy and the church (58). Soon, King Louis was imprisoned and executed. Following this, the revolutionary government declared France a republic. However, there was total chaos as the nation was ruled by various fractions; and most notable of them was the Jacobin group led by Maximilien Robespierre. This revolutionary government in France shocked monarchies throughout Europe. Empires like Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain wanted to suppress the revolution and bring monarchy back to pow er in France. Soon, in 1972, the empires declared war on France. However, France was not fit to face them as the revolution had eliminated its military officers. Many of them had been killed and many had already fled the place. The Toulon Siege and the Path Ahead Thus, in the year 1793, Napoleon was commissioned as a captain in the artillery and was assigned to the units which were engaged in the task of eliminating British Garrison from the southern port of Toulon as it was found to be helping Royalist uprising. There, sheer luck came into play as he was made the commander of the siege on 16th September 1793. He was offered the position because the existing commander of the artillery was wounded (â€Å"Napoleon Bonaparte†). In the new position, Napoleon exhibited skill and mastery by capturing two important forts and eliminating the British fleet from the port. Though it was not a major victory, he managed to present it as a great achievement. As the entire French army was m arred by untrained people and lack of leadership, his performance, though minor, was noticed by a number of powerful men in Paris. This was followed by his ascend to the rank of Brigadier General. After this, Napoleon joined the campaign in Italy as the commandant of the artillery. However, by this time, the political atmosphere in Paris was rather bad as people were feeling highly insecure under the Directory, and, as a result, Robespierre was executed and

Adverse possession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Adverse possession - Essay Example This doctrine is based on limitation of actions whereby certain courses of actions becomes statute barred after a certain period of time. 1.1. How adverse possession is obtained Adverse possession is obtained by a trespasser who has met the common law requirements explained in part 2. In all states, there are statutes of limitations that put a cap on the time which property owner can bring courses of action to recover the property from a trespasser. When such time has lapsed, the trespasser effectively gains title to the land, and if the owner of the land can bring a suit to claim such property later, the trespasser is entitled to claim adverse possession as a defence or counter-claim. In U.K under the Land Registration Act 2002, a trespasser is entitled to make an application to the land registry to be registered as the owner, after meeting the laid down requirements 1.2. Example of adverse possession Mr X purchased a plot in order to put up commercial buildings in M Borough County. He fenced up the plot but due to financial constrains, he was unable to start constructions. For one year, he would send somebody occasionally to slash grass. Over time, Mr Y who owns a plot adjacent to the land started to use the property as his garage. He took over the duty of slashing and general maintenance. Over the years, he even replaced the lock to the main gate three times and fenced the plot such that it was only accessible from his property. At one time, following visits by brokers who wanted to purchase the land, he erected a ‘land not for sale’ sign and additionally indicated that ‘trespassers will be prosecuted’. During all this time, he was fully aware that the plot belonged to Mr. X but did all these developments fully aware of that fact. After 10 years of his presence, Mr. X sent a letter to protest his presence in the property without his consent. However, the matter was not followed up. 13 years later, Mr. X gets the necessary finance an d desires to commence the constructions. In this scenario, Mr. Y is entitled to claim legal ownership of the plot. This is because he had been in actual, notorious and open occupation of the plot for uninterrupted period of 13 years. Evidence of possession is evidenced by the signs that he erected to wade off trespassers and warn potential buyers. His possession was adverse to the title of Mr. X which is evidenced by the letter of protest sent by X. Therefore, Y, who was initially a trespasser, has since displaced X and is therefore entitled to claim legal title to the property. Several circumstances have to be in existence for a trespasser to establish adverse possession. 2. Requirements for adverse possession They include: a) He must have been in actual possession. b) Such possession must be adverse or hostile to title of the true owner. c) Such possession must be continuous or uninterrupted and d) Possession must be open, factual, and notorious so as to amount to constructive not ice to the owner of the property. 2.1. Actual possession Under this requirement, the trespasser must actually be in possession of the land. This implies physical occupation of the land. Besides the physical occupation, the court in Littledale v Liverpool College [1900] 1 Ch 19 held that the trespasser must bear the intention to possess (animus possidendi). However, in Pye v Graham (Oxford) Ltd [2002] UKHL 30 it was held that the squatter need not have a long-term intention to acquire title, it is sufficient if their intention is to displace the owner. Such possession must be possession of the entire property. If the possession